Objective Women have continued to bear a heavy burden of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality with hypertension as the flagship. This is partly because as the modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors are falling in rate, gender specific risk factors have persisted. One of them is age at first pregnancy and delivery. Methods In order to contribute to this discourse, we secondarily analysed data generated in a previous field study on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in free living adults in Plateau State, Nigeria. The women were divided into four groups and we looked at blood pressure at the time of study from the perspective of age at first pregnancy. Reults It was found that those who had their first pregnancy in the late teenage years had the lowest mean arterial blood pressure many years down the line; better than those who started child bearing earlier and those who started later. There was also significant within and between group differences in the blood pressures (p = 0.000). Conclusion To stem the tide of female hypertension later in life, child bearing should not start in the early teenage years nor be unnecessarily delayed. Sociocultural conditions that promote early teenage marriage and pregnancy should be discouraged. Show less

Objective Studies assessing the risk of developing CVD between different racial groups in the United States have reached varying conclusions. The purpose of this study was to identify risk for CVD using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) between racial/ethnic groups. A secondary aim of this study was to compare risk for CVD based on SES status/poverty ratio. Methods A cross-sectional data analysis was conducted using the 2015-2020 NHANES datasets using individuals aged 18 to 79 years. Sample weights were assigned by NHANES researchers to each participant allowing researchers to generalize results to all non-institutionalized US civilians. Results Mexican Americans (MA) had the lowest average FRS and significantly lower CVD risk than all other racial groups, except NH Asian. NH Asians had the second lowest FRS and significantly lower risk than NH Blacks and NH Whites, but their risk was similar to other Hispanic or the other/multi-racial groups. NH Blacks showed no significant difference in FRS compared to NH Whites, other Hispanic, and other/multi-racial groups. NH Whites were not statistically different from other Hispanic or other/multi-racial groups. Other Hispanic and multi-racial groups did not exhibit statistically significant differences. Overall, Mexican Americans had the lowest FRS whereas NH Whites had the highest. Conclusions NH whites demonstrated the highest CVD risk according to FRS, as the oldest racial/ethnic group in the cohort. SES did not consistently predict FRS differences between racial/ethnic groups. These findings suggest a need to further explore FRS as a means of identifying individuals who are at high risk of developing CVD. Show less