Oxidative stress biomarkers are measurable molecular indicators that reflect an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and the capacity of antioxidant defences to neutralise them. They provide a quantitative window onto oxidative damage and redox status in cells, tissues, and biolog…
Oxidative stress biomarkers are measurable molecular indicators that reflect an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and the capacity of antioxidant defences to neutralise them. They provide a quantitative window onto oxidative damage and redox status in cells, tissues, and biological fluids, and are central to the study of Antioxidant Activity and disease. Biomarkers fall into several categories: products of oxidative damage to lipids, such as malondialdehyde and other lipid peroxidation derivatives; markers of protein oxidation, including carbonyl groups; and indicators of DNA and nucleic acid damage. Complementing these are measures of antioxidant defence, such as the activity of enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, and the concentration of low-molecular-weight antioxidants and total antioxidant capacity. Reactive intermediates, including superoxide anion radicals generated during glucose metabolism, are themselves studied as drivers of oxidative modification. These biomarkers are applied to evaluate the antioxidant and protective effects of plant extracts, nutraceuticals, and therapeutic agents in experimental models of inflammation, metabolic disturbance, diabetes, and tissue injury, and to monitor disease progression and ageing. By translating the abstract concept of oxidative stress into concrete, repeatable measurements, oxidative stress biomarkers enable researchers to characterise redox imbalance, test the efficacy of antioxidant interventions, and link cellular oxidative processes to physiological and pathological outcomes.
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The 10 articles above have been cited 111 times in the scholarly literature. Citation data via OpenAlex and Crossref, updated Jun 2026.
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