The influenza virus is an enveloped, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus of the family Orthomyxoviridae that causes acute respiratory infection in humans and animals. Types A, B, and C differ in host range and epidemiology, with influenza A subtyped by its surface glycoproteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase,…
The influenza virus is an enveloped, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus of the family Orthomyxoviridae that causes acute respiratory infection in humans and animals. Types A, B, and C differ in host range and epidemiology, with influenza A subtyped by its surface glycoproteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, as in H1N1. The virus spreads by respiratory droplets and contaminated surfaces, infecting respiratory epithelium and producing fever, sore throat, myalgia, and fatigue, with complications including pneumonia, Sinusitis, and exacerbation of chronic disease. Influenza is notable for antigenic variation: antigenic drift through point mutation drives seasonal epidemics, while antigenic shift through reassortment in segmented genomes can yield pandemic strains, and zoonotic infections occur across species. Control relies on annual vaccination, antiviral therapy, surveillance, and non-pharmaceutical measures such as masking, which intersected with respiratory virus control during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research relevant to this area examines natural H1-like influenza A infection in South American camelids, anticipation of sustained influenza and SARS-CoV-2 co-transmission with universal masking, the epidemiology and management of seasonal influenza outbreaks in long-term care facilities, and vitamin D status in H1N1 swine flu. This peer-reviewed literature reflects the virology, epidemiology, and clinical management of influenza and associated respiratory infection, relevant to upper-airway and sinonasal disease within the broader study of respiratory infection.
12 peer-reviewed articles, ranked by relevance. Each links to its DOI.
The 12 articles above have been cited 30 times in the scholarly literature. Citation data via OpenAlex and Crossref, updated Jun 2026.
A sample of recent works citing this journal's research on Influenza Virus, linking to each citing work.