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Jun 2026 DOI 10.14302/issn.2690-4721.ijcm-26-6039
Rao NidhiCorresponding author
Background Mucormycosis is a rapidly progressive invasive fungal infection associated with high mortality in patients with hematological malignancies such as Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia(ALL). Early diagnosis is challenging because clinical and radiological findings are often nonspecific, and tissue biopsy may be difficult in immunocompromised patients. Microbiological identification using rapid, low-cost techniques can therefore play a critical role in early detection. Case Presentation We report a 28-year-old male with relapsed pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia receiving salvage chemotherapy who developed disseminated mucormycosis with pulmonary and renal involvement. Routine urine potassium hydroxide (KOH) microscopy unexpectedly demonstrated broad, ribbon-like, aseptate fungal hyphae suggestive of Mucorales. This rare finding was reconfirmed on repeat urine examination. Urine fungal culture yielded growth of Mucor species, and lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB) staining confirmed characteristic morphology. Subsequent imaging revealed bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis and pulmonary cavitary and nodular lesions. The diagnosis was further supported by isolation of Mucor species from renal pus and lung biopsy specimens. Management and Outcome Based on early microbiological evidence, antifungal therapy was initiated promptly according to European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL) guidelines. The patient received high-dose liposomal amphotericin B, followed by the addition of isavuconazole. Surgical intervention was not feasible due to extensive bilateral pulmonary and renal involvement. With early, guideline-directed antifungal therapy and supportive care, the patient demonstrated clinical improvement, stabilization of renal function, and rising serum albumin levels. Conclusion This case highlights the pivotal role of urine KOH microscopy and fungal culture in the early diagnosis of disseminated mucormycosis. Rapid microbiological identification enabled timely initiation of appropriate antifungal therapy, contributing to clinical stabilization in a high-risk patient with relapsed ALL. Simple, accessible microbiological techniques should be considered valuable diagnostic tools in suspected invasive fungal infections when tissue diagnosis is delayed or not feasible.
Feb 2014 DOI 10.14302/issn.2372-6601.jhor-13-358
Mandava SwarnaCorresponding author
Cytogenetic division, SRL Ltd., Mumbai, India.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a rapid form of leukemia characterized by clonal proliferation and accumulation of immature hematopoietic stem cells of the lymphoid lineage in the bone marrow as well as peripheral blood. Chromosomal aberrations identified in childhood ALL have an important role in disease diagnosis, prognosis and management. We present the results of hematologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, FISH and Multiplex RT-PCR analysis of a 6-year-old boy diagnosed with B-cell precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (BCP- ALL). In this study, we identified a novel chromosomal translocation t(10;15)(q22;q22) by cytogenetic and FISH analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this novel chromosomal translocation in this subset of ALL and has not yet been reported elsewhere. This rearrangement may include certain cancer associated tumor suppressor gene(s) or genes involved in apoptosis and transcription regulation, which on loss of normal function may lead to leukaemogenesis.
Feb 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2372-6601.jhor-15-822
I.V. ChernikovCorresponding author
Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS.
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) based drugs for overcoming multiple drug resistance of hematological malignancies could solve the problem of poor response to the chemotherapy and hight relapse rate. The main factor that significantly limits biomedical application of siRNA is inefficient delivery to target cells and tissues. The attachment of siRNA to molecules, which enter into the cell by natural transport mechanisms, can improve cellular uptake of siRNA. In current study the carrier-free cellular uptake of siRNA containig cholesterol residues conjugated to the 5’-end of the sense strand via oligomethylene linker of various length (here and after Ch-siRNA) was explored. The data demonstrate that cholesterol residue increase the accumulation of siRNA in all tested cell lines and the primary cells. The efficiency of Ch-siRNA accumulation in K562 cells depends greatly on the leangth of the linker connecting cholesterol and siRNA: Ch-siRNAs with linker of 10 - 12 methylene units accumulate the most efficiently in this cells. It was found that Ch-siRNA effectively accumulates in MOLT-3 (acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ALL), HL-60 (acute myelogenous leukemia, AML), K562 (chronic myelogenous leukemia CML) and primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) or healthy donor resulting in near 100% of transfected cell when used at 1 mM concentration.