Tomography is a class of imaging techniques that reconstruct cross-sectional or volumetric representations of an object from measurements acquired along multiple lines or angles of view. The defining principle is the recovery of internal structure from projection data: signals transmitted, emitted, or reflected thro…
Tomography is a class of imaging techniques that reconstruct cross-sectional or volumetric representations of an object from measurements acquired along multiple lines or angles of view. The defining principle is the recovery of internal structure from projection data: signals transmitted, emitted, or reflected through a body are recorded from many orientations and combined mathematically, classically through filtered back-projection or iterative reconstruction, to yield slice images free of the superimposition that limits conventional projection imaging. Computed tomography uses X-ray attenuation to map tissue density and remains a principal tool in clinical diagnosis, while related modalities apply the same reconstructive logic to other physical signals, including positron emission tomography, optical coherence tomography, cone-beam techniques, and ultrasound-based approaches. Beyond medicine, tomographic methods are applied wherever the internal composition of an opaque medium must be inferred non-invasively, encompassing materials characterisation, geophysical imaging of the subsurface, and oceanographic and atmospheric sensing in which propagating waves probe a volume between distributed sources and receivers. Key methodological concerns include spatial and temporal resolution, contrast and signal-to-noise, sampling geometry, and the ill-posed nature of reconstruction, which motivates regularisation and prior-based algorithms. As a quantitative, model-driven approach to seeing inside structures, tomography underpins both diagnostic imaging and a broad range of scientific and engineering investigations.
12 peer-reviewed articles, ranked by relevance. Each links to its DOI.
The 12 articles above have been cited 17 times in the scholarly literature. Citation data via OpenAlex and Crossref, updated Jun 2026.
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