Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer

Overview

Heredity Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) is a genetic condition that is characterized by an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer and other types of cancer, such as endometrial, ovarian, stomach, liver, and pancreatic cancer. HNPCC is also known as Lynch syndrome, named after its discoverer, Dr. Henry Lynch. The condition is caused by a mutation in one of several genes, including MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2, which are responsible for repairing errors that occur during DNA replication. When these genes don't function properly, DNA damage can accumulate and increase the likelihood of cancer. Patients with HNPCC often develop colorectal cancer at a younger age and may have a higher risk of developing multiple cancers. Due to its underlying genetic cause, HNPCC can be passed down from generation to generation. It is estimated that approximately 3% of all colorectal cancer cases are caused by HNPCC. Individuals with HNPCC may be offered genetic testing to determine if they carry a mutation in one of these genes. This information can help guide screening and surveillance measures to detect cancer at an earlier stage when it is more treatable. For example, individuals with HNPCC may be advised to undergo more frequent screening colonoscopies starting at a younger age. As research in hematology and oncology continues to advance, more information will become available about HNPCC, its underlying molecular mechanisms, and potential treatment options. In the meantime, it is important for individuals with a family history of colorectal or other cancers to speak with their healthcare providers about their risk factors and screening options.

Research published in this journal

1 peer-reviewed article, ranked by relevance. Each links to its DOI.

This page summarises published research for orientation; it is not medical or professional advice.

Related topics