Degradation

of organic matter The degradation of organic matter is a natural process of organic material breaking down into simpler components and eventually to its basic elements. This process, known as decomposition, is essential for nutrient cycling and essential for sustaining life on Earth. Decomposition occurs in all ecosystems, from soil to oceans and is the basis of the entire food chain. Organic matter, such as plants, animals, and even human waste, is decomposed by bacteria and fungi, which use the organic matter as a source of energy and nutrients. This process produces nutrients that can be absorbed and used by plants, thus helping to cycle nutrients through the ecosystem. The degradation of organic matter is also responsible for the production of various important compounds, such as carbon dioxide and methane, which play an important role in the global climate system.