Types of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders that is characterized by high blood sugar levels. It is caused by a deficiency or complete absence of insulin, a hormone that helps the body regulate glucose levels. There are three types of DM: Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes, and Gestational Diabetes. Type 1 Diabetes is caused by the immune system attacking and destroying the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas and requires lifelong management through insulin therapy. Type 2 Diabetes is due to the body’s inability to produce enough insulin, or the body’s cells being resistant to the effects of insulin. It can be managed through diet, exercise, and oral medications. Gestational Diabetes is developed by some women during pregnancy and is typically resolved after childbirth. DM can cause long-term damage to blood vessels and organs if left untreated. It can increase the risk of heart and kidney disease, stroke, vision loss, and other health conditions. With proper management, however, many people with DM are able to live healthy, active lives.