Overview
Carbamylation is a process that occurs when the amino groups of proteins react with isocyanic acid or its derivatives, resulting in the formation of carbamylated proteins. This process is a central player in the aging process and is associated with the development of various age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Carbamylation can also affect various cellular and molecular processes, including cell signaling, protein function, and gene expression. Aging and chronic diseases are also associated with an increase in carbamylated proteins, which can impair organ function and lead to an increase in cellular damage. The accumulation of carbamylated proteins in the body may not only lead to the development of age-related diseases but can also accelerate the aging process itself. Research has highlighted potential therapeutic targets for reducing carbamylation, including interventions such as reducing exposure to isocyanic acid and increasing the availability of nucleophile targets for carbamylated protein domains. Various anti-inflammatory agents, such as statins and anti-adhesive drugs, have also been evaluated for their efficacy in reducing carbamylation. Healthcare providers can use these findings to provide patients with a better understanding of how carbamylation affects their health and to encourage healthy lifestyle choices to reduce the risk of developing age-related diseases. By targeting carbamylation, healthcare professionals can also help to develop new treatment options for age-related diseases, with the potential to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.