Xenarthra

Xenarthra is an endemic mammalian order that includes mostly South American species, such as sloths, armadillos, and anteaters. Xenarthrans are thought to have evolved in South America over 60 million years ago, making them one of the oldest surviving mammal groups in the region. They have several defining characteristics, such as extra joints in their vertebrae, which give them their name (“xenarthra” meaning “strange joints”). These extra joints give them greater stability, flexibility, and strength. They are also known for their specialized digestive tracts, which have enabled them to adapt to a wide range of diets. As a result, these animals have become important components of many South American ecosystems. Xenarthrans are also studied for their potential to provide insight into the evolutionary history of South America as well as the effects of environmental change on the continent’s biodiversity.