Vertebrates

Vertebrates are a group of animals with a backbone, or spine, which includes mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. This group of animals is characterised by an internal skeleton, which includes the vertebral column and ribs, as well as protective membranes around the brain, nerve cord, and organs. Vertebrates play a vital role in the structure and functioning of ecosystems. They help regulate the balance of nutrients in the environment, maintain genetic diversity, and provide resources for food, shelter and clothing for humans. They also act as important predators in controlling the populations of other animals, and serve as prey for larger predators. Vertebrates are essential for research and medical advancements, and provide recreation for humans through fishing, hunting, and observing wildlife.