Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome that affects an estimated 5-8% of women of reproductive age and causes debilitating physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms during the two weeks prior to the start of their menstrual cycle. Symptoms include depression, anxiety, irritability, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and changes in appetite. PMDD can significantly impair a person’s quality of life and interpersonal relationships, and is often accompanied by feelings of guilt and shame. Treatment for PMDD typically includes lifestyle modifications, psychotherapy, and medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, hormonal contraceptives, and other medications. By understanding the causes and recognizing the signs and symptoms of PMDD, individuals and their health care providers can work together to develop a treatment plan that can help manage the symptoms and improve overall quality of life.