Pleura

The pleura is a double-layered membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the inner wall of the chest cavity. It is important in the expansion and contraction of the lungs when breathing and its main purpose is to reduce friction between the lungs and the chest wall. Additionally, the pleura is involved in the production of pleural fluid, which helps to lubricate and cushion the lungs, enabling them to move freely within the chest cavity. Without a healthy pleura, normal breathing function would be compromised. A common disorder of the pleura is pleural effusion, which is an abnormal accumulation of pleural fluid in the pleural space, resulting in chest pain, breathlessness and coughing. Treatment for pleural effusion may include drainage of the fluid, medications to reduce inflammation, and in some cases, surgery.