Post-translational Modifications

Post-translational modifications are modifications of proteins that occur after translation of the gene. These processes are essential for regulation of protein activities, such as the activation of enzymes, hormones, and receptors that play a crucial role in many biological processes. Post-translational modifications are also very important for the folding of proteins, for trafficking of proteins within a cell, and for the stabilization of proteins. They can also act as signaling molecules and are involved in many diseases, such as diabetes and cancer. Post-translational modifications can be used to understand biological processes, to identify biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment, and to develop therapeutics that target post-translationally modified proteins.