Biofilms

Biofilms are microorganisms such as bacteria, algae, and fungi, that group together and adhere to living and non-living surfaces. These microorganisms secrete a special material that encases the group, providing protection and allowing them to colonize and thrive. Biofilms are significant because they are essential to many natural and engineered ecosystems, and are used in wastewater management, food production and in biotechnological processes. They can also cause problems, such as in the medical field when they interfere with wound healing and infection.