Onchocerciasis

Onchocerciasis is a parasitic disease caused by the worm Onchocerca volvulus. It is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected black flies (Simulium spp.), which breed in fast flowing streams and rivers. Onchocerciasis is also known as river blindness because the fly vector breeds in rivers and the parasite causes blindness, particularly along the river valleys where the disease is most common. The disease affects the skin and eyes, causing intense itching, skin rash, dermatitis, and depigmentation. In some cases, the infection can lead to nodules under the skin, disabling/morbid lesions, and ultimately blindness. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Onchocerciasis is endemic in 37 countries in Africa, including Nigeria, which carries about 30% of the global disease burden. Ophthalmic science is concerned with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of eye diseases. In the context of onchocerciasis, ophthalmic science plays a crucial role in preventing blindness and managing symptoms. It involves the use of ocular tests, slit-lamp microscopy, and specialized laser surgery to control and alleviate the symptoms of the disease. 

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