Tonic-clonic seizures are a type of generalized seizure that affects the entire brain. They are also known as grand mal seizures. During a tonic-clonic seizure, the person experiences stiffness or sudden contraction of their muscles, followed by uncontrolled shaking and jerking movements of the limbs. The person may fall down and lose consciousness during the seizure episode. This type of seizure is usually caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
Neurological research and therapy have made significant strides in the treatment of tonic-clonic seizures. Anticonvulsant medications can help to prevent seizures and reduce their severity when they do occur. Some patients may also benefit from surgical interventions, such as a vagus nerve stimulator, which can help to reduce seizure activity.
In addition to medication and surgery, there are other therapies that can help people with tonic-clonic seizures. Some patients may benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy, which can help to reduce stress and anxiety. Others may benefit from physical therapy, which can help to improve coordination and balance.
Overall, neurological research and therapy have made great strides in the treatment of tonic-clonic seizures. With the right combination of medications, lifestyle changes, and therapies, many patients are able to manage their seizures and maintain a high quality of life.