Neuroinflammation

Overview

Neuroinflammation is the inflammatory response that occurs within the central nervous system, the brain and spinal cord, when neural tissue is challenged by injury, infection, toxins, or disease. It is mediated chiefly by the brain's resident immune cells, the microglia, together with astrocytes, and involves the production of cytokines, chemokines, and other signalling molecules that recruit and coordinate immune activity, alongside the regulatory activity of proteins that control these chemokine and kinase pathways. Neuroinflammation is not inherently harmful: acute, well-regulated responses support defence against pathogens and the clearance of damaged cells and debris. However, when the response is excessive, sustained, or dysregulated, it contributes to neuronal dysfunction and damage and is implicated in a broad range of neurological conditions. These include neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, in which molecular regulators including non-coding RNAs and microglial receptors such as TREM2 are under investigation, neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorder, and the neurological complications of systemic infections such as dengue. Neuroinflammatory signalling also interacts with other regulatory systems, including the endocannabinoid system and neuroimmune pathways modulated by vagus nerve stimulation. Research in this area examines the cellular and molecular mediators of central inflammation, their regulation, and their roles in disease, with the aim of identifying biomarkers and therapeutic targets that limit harmful inflammation while preserving its protective functions.

Research published in this journal

8 peer-reviewed articles, ranked by relevance. Each links to its DOI.

How this research is being cited

The 8 articles above have been cited 8 times in the scholarly literature. Citation data via OpenAlex and Crossref, updated Jun 2026.

• Peripheral biomarkers of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia
  2026 · Biochemical Pharmacology
• Association of peripheral blood NLRP3, sTREM2, and p-tau217 levels with cognitive outcomes in patients with chronic alcohol-related brain damage
  2026 · Alcohol and Alcoholism
• Chronic alcohol consumption induces phenotypic and functional alterations consistent with a hyper-inflammatory state in peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived microglia in a rhesus macaque model
  Hami Hemati et al. · 2025 · Brain, behavior, and immunity
• Percutaneous auricular neuromodulation for postoperative analgesia
  2025 · Expert Review of Medical Devices
• Percutaneous auricular neuromodulation for postoperative analgesia
  2025 · Expert Review of Medical Devices
• Chronic alcohol consumption induces phenotypic and functional alterations consistent with a hyper-inflammatory state in peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived microglia in a rhesus macaque model
  2025 · Brain Behavior and Immunity
• The Commission's proposal for a new European Systemic Risk Board: an evaluation
  2010 · Law and Financial Markets Review
• The Commission's proposal for a new European Systemic Risk Board: an evaluation
  2010 · Law and Financial Markets Review

A sample of recent works citing this journal's research on Neuroinflammation, linking to each citing work.

This page summarises published research for orientation; it is not medical or professional advice.

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