Number Theory

Number theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with the study of the properties and relationships of whole numbers. It is a relatively old area of mathematics, although it has been studied actively for centuries and continues to be an active area of research today. Number theory can be applied to cryptography, computer science, coding theory, discrete mathematics, and other branches of applied mathematics. It is also considered to be fundamental to physics and engineering, as it attempts to provide answers to questions such as "what is the best way to represent a physical quantity?" and "how do we identify the most efficient algorithms for a given problem?".