Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias

Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias (TACs) are a set of rare headache syndromes that cause debilitating facial pain. TACs are characterized by acute attacks of severe pain in the face, head, and/or neck and are often associated with autonomic symptoms such as tearing, red eyes, and other disturbances. TACs are thought to be caused by disturbances in the trigeminal nerve, which controls feeling in the face, and the autonomic nervous system. While the exact cause is not known, research suggests the involvement of a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Treatment for TACs can include medication, lifestyle changes, and in some cases injections and surgery. Because of the seriousness of these syndromes, a diagnosis and management plan should be made with the help of a healthcare provider.