El Ni O-southern Oscillation

(ENSO) El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an important climate phenomenon responsible for the periodic warming and cooling of the surface waters of the eastern and central Pacific Ocean. This natural phenomenon has a significant influence on global weather patterns, particularly over the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and can cause extreme weather events like floods, droughts, and hurricanes. ENSO occurs when changes in the sea surface temperature (SST) along the equator in the Pacific combine with the atmospheric pressure patterns - together these create an oscillation between phases of warmer (El Niño) and cooler (La Niña) conditions in the Pacific. Studying and predicting ENSO has become increasingly important for efficiently managing resources and preparing for extreme weather events.