Androgen Receptor

The androgen receptor (AR) is a protein found inside cells that binds to the hormone testosterone and other androgens, such as dihydrotestosterone (DHT). These hormones influence cell development and division, and are important for male reproductive function. When these hormones bind to the androgen receptor, they cause it to change shape, allowing it to move into the cell nucleus and bind to DNA, directly affecting gene expression. This receptor is thus essential for normal male development, including skeletal muscle mass and strength, sex organ development, and the male sex drive. Mutations in the AR gene are associated with various diseases, including male hypogonadism, which is characterized by symptoms such as infertility, low muscle mass, and reduced libido. It is also implicated in prostate cancer, contributing to disease progression and treatment resistance.