Pharmacology/toxicology

Pharmacology and toxicology are two closely related fields of study that are used to understand the effects drugs, chemicals and other substances have on the body. Pharmacology is the study of the action of drugs on biological systems, while toxicology is the study of the harmful effects of these same substances on biological systems. Both fields are essential to understanding the efficacy and safety of drugs, chemicals, and other substances in order for them to be used safely. By studying the pharmacological and toxicological effects of a drug, scientists can understand how a drug will interact with the body and assess the risk of its use. This information is crucial for medical professionals to make informed decisions about treatments and for regulatory agencies to make decisions about drug approval and safety.