Microglia

Microglia are the brain's resident immune cells. They form a part of the glial cells, a supportive network of non-neuronal cells that provide physical and metabolic support to neurons within the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia are constantly surveying their environment, clearing away debris and foreign particles, and responding to neural activity. In a healthy brain, microglia play an essential role in maintaining normal brain function. They also have important roles in the immune defense of the CNS, as well as in inflammatory, degenerative, and neoplastic processes. Microglia are increasingly being recognized as important players in the development of neurological and psychiatric disorders. They are implicated in numerous pathologies, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic brain injury.