Pyelonephritis

Pyelonephritis is a type of infection affecting the kidneys. It usually affects one kidney at a time, though both may be affected. It is caused by bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms that enter the kidneys through the bloodstream or, less commonly, through the ureters. The most common symptom of pyelonephritis is pain in the area of the affected kidney, which can be severe. Additional symptoms include fever, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. Pyelonephritis can cause permanent damage to the kidneys if left untreated, and can be potentially fatal. Treatment typically involves taking antibiotics and drinking plenty of fluids. Taking preventive measures such as personal hygiene, managing existing medical conditions, and staying up-to-date with vaccinations can help reduce the risk of pyelonephritis.