Pathogens

Pathogens are microorganisms (such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa and fungi) that cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants. They are major public health threats, and it is essential to control and prevent the spread of these disease-causing organisms. Pathogens can be spread through contact with an infected person, animal, or object, through food and water, and by insect and animal vectors. People can protect themselves from pathogens by following good hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing and avoiding contact with sick people. Vaccines can also provide protection against certain pathogens, while antibiotics and antivirals can be used to treat infections caused by other pathogens.