Vertebrates

Vertebrates are a subphylum of animals that make up the vast majority of species on the planet. They are distinguished by their internal skeletons, which consist of a number of bones or cartilage that form a supporting framework to the body. Vertebrates are some of the most advanced animals on Earth, and include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Their diversity of body shapes, sizes, and ecological adaptations enable them to survive in different habitats. They are essential for the functioning of many ecosystems, such as providing important services such as seed dispersal and nutrient cycling. Vertebrates also have significant socio-economic value, as they are the basis of many global food sources, are kept as pets and used in research, and are important cultural symbols.