Overview
Angina is a common symptom of heart disease that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough blood and oxygen. It is typically experienced as a squeezing, pressure-like discomfort in the chest but can also manifest as discomfort in the arms, shoulders, neck, jaw, or back. Angina episodes can be brought on by physical exertion, emotional stress, or consuming a large meal. Angina is often the result of narrowed or blocked coronary arteries, which supply the heart with oxygen-rich blood. Coronary artery disease is the most common underlying cause of angina, and risk factors include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and a family history of heart disease. There are two primary types of angina: stable angina and unstable angina. Stable angina is predictable and typically responds to rest or medication, while unstable angina is more severe and unpredictable and requires immediate medical attention. Diagnosis of angina typically involves a physical examination, discussing symptoms with a healthcare provider, and performing tests such as an electrocardiogram, stress test, or cardiac catheterization. Treatment for angina may include lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, adopting a healthy diet, and increasing physical activity, as well as medications to control blood pressure, cholesterol, and chest pain. In some cases, surgery or a minimally invasive procedure such as angioplasty or stenting may be necessary to restore blood flow to the heart muscle.
Research published in this journal
10 peer-reviewed articles, ranked by relevance. Each links to its DOI.
How this research is being cited
The 10 articles above have been cited 24 times in the scholarly literature. Citation data via OpenAlex and Crossref, updated Jun 2026.
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2024 · Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences
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Hacı Ömer Yılmaz et al. · 2024 · Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences
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Rauf Shadab et al. · 2023 · Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
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V. Raju · 2023 · Cureus
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2023 · Cureus
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2023 · Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
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2022 · Clinical Nutrition
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2022 · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN
A sample of recent works citing this journal's research on Angina, linking to each citing work.