Subplate

Subplate is a deep brain structure interconnected with the thalamus and the cerebral cortex, and is believed to play a critical role in the formation of neural circuits during prenatal development. Subplate neurons are the earliest-developing neurons in the embryonic cortex that form a transient neural network involved in the formation of sensory and motor pathways. Subplate neurons are involved in regulating the flow of information from the thalamus to the cortex and have a number of functions, such as the organization of incoming sensory information, input gating, and plasticity, which is essential for the development of appropriate cortical networks and behavior. In addition, subplate neurons have been found to play a role in memory formation, learning, and emotional regulation. Research suggests that the subplate may be involved in several neurological disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia.