Etiology of Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs caused by infectious agents, such as viruses, bacteria, or fungi. It is a leading cause of death and disability in the world and can be life-threatening in young children, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems. Diagnosis of pneumonia is made by evaluating a person’s symptoms, physical examination, imaging tests, and a sample of the fluid from the lungs (sputum). Treatment depends on the underlying cause, but often includes antibiotics, rest, and supplemental oxygen. Vaccines can help reduce the risk of contracting some forms of pneumonia, and certain lifestyle modifications can also help.