Thyroid

The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck, just below the Adam's apple. It is made up of two lobes connected by a tissue called the isthmus. The thyroid produces two hormones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones control the rate at which the body produces energy from food, as well as the body’s metabolic rate and body temperature. The thyroid also produces the hormone calcitonin, which helps regulate calcium levels in the body. An imbalance of thyroid hormones can result in a variety of symptoms, including weight gain or loss, fatigue, depression, and changes in heart rate. Thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can be treated with medication, lifestyle changes, and, in some cases, surgery.