Androgen Insensitivity Syndromes

Androgen Insensitivity Syndromes, or AIS, are a group of genetic conditions caused by mutations in the AR gene, which is responsible for responding to androgens, male-type hormones. AIS results in varying degrees of reduced sensitivity to androgens, which may cause partial or complete inability of the body to respond to androgens. As a result, individuals with AIS may have ambiguous genitalia or incomplete masculinization of external genitalia, and can also lead to infertility or difficulties conceiving. AIS can also affect the development of secondary sexual characteristics, including body hair and/or breast development. Treatment of AIS varies depending on the individual's needs and symptoms, and may include hormone replacement therapy, sex reassignment surgery, fertility treatments, and psychological support. AIS is an important condition due to its significant physical and psychological impact on individuals and their families, and management of AIS requires the cooperation of many different medical disciplines.