Cryptorchidism

Cryptorchidism is a medical condition in which a male has one or both of their testicles fail to descend into the scrotum. It is one of the most common birth defects in males, affecting around 3% of full-term male babies. It can affect fertility and can cause an increased risk of testicular cancer. Although the exact cause of cryptorchidism is unknown, some theories suggest it is due to a hormonal imbalance during fetal development, abnormal anatomy, and/or genetic factors. Treatment for this disorder involves surgically moving the undescended testicle(s) into the scrotum. Treatment should occur as soon as possible after birth, as earlier treatment can improve fertility potential.