Leprosy

Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It has been around since ancient times and affects the skin, peripheral nerves, mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, and eyes. It is one of the most disabling and stigmatized diseases in the world and the cause of severe physical and psychological disfigurement. Treatment with multiple drugs is highly effective and available free of charge in many countries, but there is still an unmet need to develop new drug treatments and preventive measures. Leprosy remains an important public health problem in many parts of the world, particularly in India, where the highest number of cases is still found. The global response to leprosy has led to a remarkable reduction of disease transmission and improved outcomes, which represents one of the greatest successes of public health.