Chromosomal Rearrangements

Chromosomal rearrangements are large-scale changes in the structure of chromosomes. They can include interchromosomal exchange of large pieces of DNA, such as inversions, deletions, duplications and translocations. Chromosomal rearrangements are significant because they can cause genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome, and can also be used to study the structure, function and evolution of genes. In clinical medicine, chromosomal rearrangements are used to genetically diagnose certain diseases and also to help plan treatments for them. In research, chromosomal rearrangements are used to identify new gene function and to locate genes that regulate development and other biological processes.