Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) caused by a lack of insulin. It occurs when the body cannot use blood sugar for energy and breaks down fat for fuel, resulting in a build up of ketones (acids) in the blood. Symptoms of DKA may include nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, excessive thirst and frequent urination, shortness of breath and confusion. DKA requires immediate medical attention and if left untreated can lead to coma or death. Treatment includes replacing fluids and electrolytes, correcting the pH of the blood, and providing insulin to decrease the ketones and restore normal glucose metabolism. DKA is an important complication of DM to be aware of and it can be prevented by ensuring regular insulin intake and good diabetes management.