Phytoplasmas

Phytoplasmas are microscopic, pathogenic bacteria that infect a wide range of plant species, including crops. They are spread by sap-sucking insects such as leafhoppers and aphids, and cause major losses in crop yield and plant health. The symptoms of phytoplasma infection can be diverse, ranging from leaf or flower wilting, distorted growth and discolored foliage to stunting, die-back and even death of the infected plant. Control of phytoplasmas depends on an integrated approach, which may include the use of resistant cultivars, controlling insect vectors, chemicals and biocontrol agents. Effective management of phytoplasmas will help to improve crop productivity and reduce losses in agricultural production.