General Evolution of the Universe driven by Attraction and Four Levels of Biological Evolution as its Essential Part

A strict definition of the hierarchy of material systems is formulated. Based on this definition, the main hierarchical structure of the Universe was divided to 15 levels belonging to 2 branches. Process of the Universe evolution (megaevolution) is considered as hierarchogenesis, i.e., a process of new hierarchy levels formation. The main driver of the hierachogenesis is an attraction that takes different forms for different steps of the megaevolution. Duration and time of each this step on the Universe timeline were estimated using the data of the other investigators. Biological evolution is considered as essential part of the general megaevolution where symbiosis plays role of the hierarchogenetic attraction. Semantic consideration of the hierarchogenesis allowed to build a mathematical model of its dynamics. It appeared that this model describes general megaevolution of the Universe well enough to estimate time of macromolecules appearance, that is still unknown, and to predict when the next hierarchogenetic step will take a place. DOI : COMING SOON Corresponding Author: George Mikhailovsky, Global Mind Share, Norfolk, VA, United States Email: gmikhai@yahoo.com

An event can be considered as hierarchogenetic if it results in the appearance of a system that: 1. can exist by itself, not only as a part of a super-system on the upper hierarchical level; 2. consists of subsystems belonging to one or more lower hierarchical levels; 3. its subsystems are of several types that radically differ from one another; 4. interrelations between these subsystems lead to emergence of an entity that did not exist before, i.e., a novelty.
The first of the conditions above excludes such systems as free radicals, cell organelles, or organs (and systems of organs) of multicellular organisms. The second condition excludes hierarchical systems in their original social sense. For example, alpha male in a flock of monkeys that is the highest level of hierarchy doesn't consist of beta males, females, juveniles, etc). The third condition excludes systems that consist of the monotypic or almost monotypic subsystems like homopolymers, colonies, populations, or some multicellular prokaryotes 4 . And the fourth condition doesn't allow us to consider, for instance, each of the multiple emergences of multicellularity in different clades 5,6,7 as separate hierarchogenetic events, as opposed to eukaryotes that appeared in the history of life only once 8 . In this way, appearance of eukaryotes and multicellular organisms should be considered as only one hierarchogenetic event in each case.
Applying our definition to the whole history of the Universe, we find only 15 hierarchogenetic events with two branches. Their list with time of emergence, duration, and areas of science related to them is given in the Table 1.
Numbers in the 3rd column of Table 1 are approximate or average for interval values found in different sources while numbers in the 4th column were calculated based on them. Time of the Big Bang (as a zero point) was assumed equal to 13.8±0.02 Ga, i.e., billion years ago 9 . Appearance of quark-gluon plasma ("quark soup") and hadrons were estimated as 10 -12 and 10 -6 seconds after the Big Bang, respectively 10 . First nuclei appeared from 1 second till a few minutes of the Universe existence 11 . So, time from the Big Bang to each of these first three steps is equal practically to zero (in our gigayears time scale).

Appearance of the first atoms in Recombination
Era is dated 380±50 thousand of years 12

Four Levels of the Biological Evolution
As one can see from Table 1  billions years and were drastically longer than any other steps of the main hierarchogenesis.
The natural question is: why it took so long?
We with Richard Gordon tried to find an answer to this question applied to prokaryotes eukaryotes step but could find it neither among the physical and chemical events happened on the Earth when prokaryotes were its only habitants nor among biological waiting for appearing of introns or sex reproduction 18 .
Finally, we offer a possible answer to the question based on completely new approach.

Semantic Consideration of Hierarchogenesis
This answer relates mostly to internal rather than external system factors that could play their own role. To estimate the essentiality of this role, let us consider the following model situation.
In a well-known thought experiment 40   Time t=0 is taken as R min again, i.e., relates to the bottom of the curve in Fig. 1.
For the first part of the process (until the switch at the bottom where R = R min ), E < 0 while for the second part it is positive (see Fig, 1).
This model allows us to look at the evolution as at a semiotic process 42,43 where the role of the AI program in selecting meaningful words and phrases is played by the selection carried out by the environment.
This mechanism is akin to natural selection in biological evolution, but much simpler and more primitive. Such selection rather rejects "bad" variants than selects In addition, the last version of the thought experiment, described above, helps to understand what could be an internal factor of hierarchogenesis. If we drop timestamps related to all the hierarchogenetic steps (see 3rd column in Table 1) onto the existing timeline from the Big Bang till now (and a little bit in the future) we will get a curve (Fig. 2) that is very similar to the curve calculated by the model (Fig. 1).
Unfortunately, we don't know when the first heteropolymers or macromolecules (e.g., proteins or nucleic acids) emerged although this definitely happened after formation of monomers and before emergence of protocells that took place, accordingly to Sharov and only quite regular rather than random, but our model describes it very adequately.

Discussion
As we saw in Section 1, the main driver of the general megaevolution has been this or that kind of attraction among the systems. Without such attraction, these systems couldn't obviously originate a  Table 1) since the Big Bang. Points: 1 -quarks, 2 -hadrons, 3 -nuclei, 4 -atoms, 5 -stars, 6galaxies, 7 -heteroatomic molecules, 9 -protocells, 10 -LUCA (last universal common ancestor), 11 -LECA (last eukaryotic common ancestor), 12 -multicellular organisms, 13 -agrocenoses, 14 -nations/ states, 15 -noosphere. Gap between points 7 and 9 relates to step 8 (macromolecules) that cannot be confidently dated. So, the label of the point 8 is an interpolation. Point 15 (noosphere) relates to the future, and the dotted line between points 14 and 15 describes probable prediction.
noosphrere can be understood as a successful completion of globalization. It will be able to emerge only as a result of an attraction between states and nations for solving global problems that threatens the very existence of the humanity. Hopefully, we will make this next hierarchogenetic step before it will be too late.  restriction of possible new variants, and transition in our model from "dictionary" to "vocabulary" (where the number of options is much less than in the "dictionary") speeds up the process of megaevolution. In addition, these steps of hierarchogenesis happened in human society, where the semantic component (the already created plot dictates subsequent events) can play its important role.
In any case, the proposed model, which describes the general evolution of the Universe quite well, allows us to predict that the next hierarchical step (noosphere or, perhaps, something else) will come through a hundred years, if not in a couple of decades.

Conclusion
We