Influence of Sexual Sensation Seeking, Sexual Compulsivity and Sexual Pleasure in Condom Use among Spanish youth: Implications for HIV Interventions

Spain is one of the countries with the highest incidence of HIV within the European Union. Multiple and complex factors influence HIV infection in young people. This study aims to determine the influence of sexual sensation seeking, sexual compulsivity and perceived sexual pleasure variables in condom use. A total of 424 heterosexual youth were evaluated (M age = 20.62; SD = 2.62) distributed into a risk group (60.7%) and a no-risk group (39.3%). Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale, AIDS Prevention Questionnaire, Sexual Compulsivity Scale, and Sexual Pleasure Perceived Scale were administered. Results indicate statistically significant differences in sexual sensation seeking (p=.001), failure to control sexual impulses (p=.030), perceived sexual pleasure with a condom (p=.027) and without a condom (p=.001). The regression analysis revealed that three factors explained about 14% of the variance in condom use: sexual sensation seeking and sexual pleasure perceived without a condom (risk factors), and sexual pleasure perceived with a condom (protective factor). It is necessary to incorporate these variables into HIV prevention programs to reduce the number of infections in young people. DOI : COMING SOON M. Dolores Gil-Llario, Estefanía Ruiz-Palomino, Rafael Ballester-Arnal, Vicente Morell-Mengual 1. Department of Educational and Developmental Psychology. University of Valencia. 2. Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology Corresponding author: M. Dolores Gil-Llario, Department of Educational and Developmental Psychology. University of Valencia. Email: dolores.gil@uv.es,


HIV infection is a major public health concern in
European Union countries. In Spain, 10  Derived from the sensation seeking concept, Kalichman et al. established the construct of sexual sensation seeking to assess this predisposition in the area of sexuality 9 . In young people from different countries, it has been linked with increased frequency of sexual partners, non-use of condoms, low perceived risk, alcohol use before having sex and a weak intention to ensure safe sexual behavior 13-16 .
Kalichman and Cain described sexual compulsivity as "a propensity to experience sexual disinhibition and under-controlled sexual impulses and behaviors as self-identified by individuals" 17 . Therefore, it is considered to be a psychological construct that includes sexual preoccupation and increased intensity and frequency of sexual behaviors, emotions and cognitions 18 . Various symptoms of sexual compulsivity have been associated with risky sexual behavior [19][20][21][22] .
Finally, pleasure has a main role in human sexual motivation. Latex condoms represent a mechanical barrier in sexual intercourse. The reduction in pleasure when using condoms is one of the main reasons that people express justifying the non-use of the same 23;24 . On the other hand, it has demonstrated efficacy in those intervention programs that have included the pleasure as a component of work, in terms of increased condom use [25][26][27][28] .
Understanding the barriers or facilitators related to HIV infection may provide useful information for improving preventive interventions among young people. Moreover, we hypothesize that sexual risk behavior is related to higher sexual sensation seeking, greater self-report to sexual compulsivity and more sexual pleasure without a condom.

Study Sample
The sample was collected through information tables at the World AIDS Day in 2014. Extremely pleasurable). The minimum and maximum scores are between 0 and 55 points, respectively, meaning that the higher the score, the more pleasure Hence, we limited the differential analyses to this sexual practice as the criterion variable. group" (NRG) to those who 'always' used a condom (39.3%) and "risk group" (RG) (60.7%) to those who 'never, sometimes or often' used a condom (see Table   1).

Factors Associated with Condom Use
The risk group were more sensation seekers, sexual compulsive and felt more sexual pleasure without a condom than the no-risk group. Both groups obtained similar scores in failure to control sexual impulses; however the risk group reported greater interference of sexual behaviour. The no-risk group, meanwhile, felt more sexual pleasure with a condom. There were statistically significant differences in the sexual sensation seeking, interference and perceived sexual pleasure between groups. The differences that reached a medium size were the sexual sensation seeking and sexual pleasure without a condom 34 . The magnitude differences was small in the sexual pleasure with a condom and the failure to control sexual impulses (see Table 2).

Predictors of Condom Use
Following on from this, a multiple regression logistic analysis was performed with the enter method.  Table 3).

Discussion
In our study, sexual compulsivity has not appeared as an explanatory variable in the condom use behavior, perhaps because young people who take risks in their relationships have low sexual compulsivity 18     would be interesting to analyse the sexual risk behavior as a progressive continuum.

Conclusion
The results of the study can approach the understanding of sexual behavior among young people and in particular to understanding the behavior of using condoms in the primary prevention of HIV infection.